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Action (music)
The term action, used in connection with stringed instruments, has two meanings, depending on whether the instrument is played with a keyboard or plucked by hand.
==In keyboard instruments==
In keyboard instruments, the action is the mechanism that translates the motion of the keys into the creation of sound (by plucking or striking the strings).
In a harpsichord, the main part of the action is a jack, a vertical strip of wood seated on the far end of the key. At the top of the jack is mounted a hinged tongue bearing a plectrum. When the key is pressed and the jack rises, the plectrum plucks the string. When the key is released and the jack falls back down, the tongue permits the plectrum to retract slightly, so that it can return to its rest position without getting stuck or plucking the string again on the way down. The jack also bears a damper, whose purpose is to stop the vibration of the string when the key is released. For full description and diagrams, see Harpsichord.
In a piano, the action is a mechanical device, made mostly of hardwoods, that serves several purposes. By means of various levers, it permits a small motion of the key to be translated into a large motion of the hammers that strike the strings. The action also permits a hammer to recoil from the string instantly so as not to damp its vibration, and it also prevents the hammer from bouncing up and down, striking the string multiple times. Piano actions, even in their original version invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori, tend to be quite complex and have been subject of ingenious inventions and refinements throughout their history. Different actions are used in grand and vertical pianos. For full discussion, including diagrams, see Action (piano) and piano.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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